聚脲防渗材料在大海子水库放水涵洞工程中的应用

针对大海子水库放水涵洞闸门前承压段3道伸缩缝止水功能部分失效、伸缩缝漏水防渗处理等问题,采取聚合物砂浆封缝、灌注水溶性聚氨酯堵漏、手工聚脲材料护面防渗等处理,为聚脲防渗材料在水库放水涵洞工程中的应用提供借鉴和经验。     

Ecological and landscape effects on genetic distance in an assemblage of headwater fishes

Environmental divergence along hierarchically structured longitudinal gradients may constitute barriers to gene flow in river networks for headwater specialised species. While known, this phenomenon has not been well studied, especially with regard to degree of headwater specialisation. We examined six headwater species that differ in habitat specialisation to assess whether patterns of differentiation vary according to geographic or environmental distance. We also identified regional environmental or anthropogenically induced fragmentation effects by comparing within‐drainage patterns of genetic distance across replicate watersheds. We used a comparative modelling framework to determine whether isolation by distance or isolation by resistance of large river habitats was a better predictor of genetic distance across species. The influence of reservoir presence and regional network characteristics that may influence the hydrology and size of large river habitats were also assessed. Resistance effects from large rivers were closely related to headwater specialisation, with increased specialisation leading to increased resistance and loss of drainagewide population connectivity. These results affirm that dendritic networks naturally fragment headwater specialised species. Further isolation from anthropogenic fragmentation was detected in two of the six drainages, indicating interactions with system‐specific conditions. Landscape variables related to the hydrology of large rivers also affected genetic distance in predicted ways, supporting the importance of large rivers in genetically structuring headwater species in drainage networks.     

基于“3S”技术的辽宁省某尾矿库扩容工程生态影响预测与评价

以辽宁省某尾矿库为例,基于GIS技术,利用2010年的TM遥感影像及地形图,预测该尾矿库扩容后的生态影响。分析结果显示:尾矿库扩容工程对生态的影响主要体现在土地利用、植被、生态景观和地形地貌的变化4个方面。     

Conservation implications of establishment success of the Critically Endangered Twee River redfin ‘Pseudobarbus’ erubescens (Skelton, ) in an artificial impoundment in South Africa

1. This study reports the first known record of breeding of the Critically Endangered Twee River redfin ‘Pseudobarbus’ erubescens in an artificial impoundment. This followed an introduction of 48 individuals into a 10 ha impoundment within the species' native range more than a decade ago.
2. Sampling the impoundment using three fyke nets set overnight yielded 2838 P. erubescens, which included both juveniles and adults capable of spawning. Fork length measurements of a subsample of 250 individuals ranged from 29 to 125 mm with length cohorts indicating multiple spawning events.
3. This demonstrates that this species can successfully reproduce in lentic environments and suggests that artificial impoundments could be stocked to provide refugia for P. erubescens and other highly threatened small cyprinids while conservation strategies are developed to mitigate against habitat loss resulting from alien fish invasions, increased human use of water, and from climate change in rivers.

     

广州龙洞水库红锥林下药用植物资源调查

通过实地调查与植物鉴定，对广州市龙洞水库红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）人工林林下药用植物 资源进行统计分析。结果表明水库红锥人工林工区共有林下药用植物 102 种，隶属 52 科 86 属；其中林 下蕨类药用植物 7 科 7 属 7 种，林下双子叶药用植物 38 科 69 属 85 种，单子叶林下药用植物 7 科 10 属 10 种。建议选择适宜的人工林地，以耕代抚发展林下药用植物栽培；同时合理开发利用野生林下药用植 物资源，严禁掠夺式采摘；并且鼓励当地主管部门、经营主体或社会组织加大对周边群众及游客的宣传 教育，提高人们的环保意识，增强其可持续发展概念。     

考虑水文变异的水库生态流量研究

为探讨水文变异对生态流量影响,确定最佳水库生态流量推求方法,针对尼尔基水库生态问题,采用Mann-kendall突变检测法、滑动T检验法和有序聚类法,结合序号总和理论和Spearman相关系数计算对水文时间序列作综合识别,确定水库发生水文变异年份为1963年和1999年。利用NGPRP法和逐月频率年内展布计算法分别计算天然状态、次天然状态、现状和不考虑水文变异条件下最小生态流量和适宜生态流量。参考Tennant法评价结果表明水库生态系统退化主要受人类扰动影响,观察次天然状态和不考虑变异状态下生态径流过程,最小生态流量占多年平均流量百分数相差9.21%和1.70%,适宜生态流量相差3.04%和1.47%。研究应更多考虑次天然生态径流过程,其最小生态流量仅可作为生态流量下限。     

三燕时期辽西地区农业发展述论

魏晋南北朝时期中原的战乱促使河北山东等地的世家大族及流民纷纷迁徙到辽西地区，此地的人口数量大为增加，且带来了中原地区的先进生产技术。十六国时期，先后统治辽西地区的前燕、后燕、北燕三个地方政权对农业的重视和发展，加之优越的生态环境和悠久的农耕基础，辽西农业在耕作技术、作物的种类、水利灌溉等方面都有了较快发展，且带动了慕容鲜卑由畜牧经济向农耕经济的转变。农业生产虽受自然灾害和战争等因素的限制但整体上呈现波浪式发展。     

基于landsat卫星影像的水库水体总磷质量浓度反演研究

以清河水库为研究区域,利用Landsat8卫星OLI数据及实地观测数据,建立了适于清河水库水体总磷质量浓度的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)遥感反演模型,并对清河水库总磷量进行了反演分析。结果表明,LS-SVM模型的平均相对误差为6.06%,相比于单波段线性回归反演模型及波段组合线性回归模型,平均误差分别降低了20.77%、12.53%,显著提高了清河水库水体总磷质量浓度反演的模型精度,达到遥感反演预测精度要求;利用LSSVM反演模型对清河水库总磷量反演显示,水体中总磷质量浓度主要集中在0.04~0.08 mg/L,水库水体总磷质量浓度总体偏高。     

三峡库区沉积物中重金属化学形态分布特征与相关性分析

为全面了解三峡库区干支流沉积物中重金属的赋存形态,更好地为评价及保护三峡库区水生态环境提供科学依据,于2015年6月在三峡库区采集沉积物样品67个,通过ICP-MS等仪器测定了沉积物中各重金属元素的不同赋存形态量,运用SPSS、Matlab统计分析软件对重金属赋存形态进行对比分析。结果表明,库区表层沉积物中Cr、Ni元素主要以残渣态为主(占总量的75%以上);Cu、Zn、As元素主要以残渣态和可还原态为主(合计占总量80%~95%);Cd元素主要以酸可提取态和可还原态为主(分别占总量的55%和23%);Pb元素主要以可还原态和残渣态为主(各占总量的71%和18%)。Cd和Pb元素生物可利用态量较高,均超过该元素的长江沉积物背景值;该种形态下的重金属元素容易进入水体,并且在地球化学条件变化时转化成能被生物吸收和利用的形态,对生物造成较大危害。干流上游段重庆主城区及下游段,渠系河、大宁河、磨刀溪、沿渡河应当是重金属生态危害研究与防治的重点区域。     

三峡库区重庆开县段阳台蔬菜产业发展初探

对三峡库区开县段蔬菜的产业背景及阳台蔬菜产业发展的优势进行了分析,剖析了开县阳台蔬菜适宜产业发展的主要种类,提出了开县段阳台蔬菜发展思路及对策,为三峡库区整体转型发展、城镇化建设和民生问题解决提供了一个新思路。